Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond & Debentures

Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond & Debentures
Bond
Bonds are debt instruments issued by governments and corporations, when they want to raise money. Bonds are referred to as a fixed income instrument since bonds traditionally paid a fixed interest rate (coupon) to date holders. Variable or floating interest rates are also now quite common. Unlike stocks, bonds issued by companies give no ownership rights to bond holders. Bonds have maturity dates at which point the principal amount must be paid back in full. Investment in bond is more secured but return is low. One can buy and sell bonds on the secondary market. After bonds are initially issued, their worth will fluctuate like stock's would. If one is holding the bond to maturity, the fluctuations won't matter-interest payment and face value won't change. But if one buys and sells bonds, one will need to keep in mind that the price one will pay and receive is no longer the face value of the bond.
āĻ āύুāĻŦাāĻĻ:
āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻšāϞ āϏāϰāĻাāϰ āĻāĻŦং āĻāϰ্āĻĒোāϰেāĻļāύ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻাāϰি āĻāϰা āĻāĻŖেāϰ āĻāĻĒāĻāϰāĻŖ, āϝāĻāύ āϤাāϰা āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āϏংāĻ্āϰāĻš āĻāϰāϤে āĻাāϝ়। āĻŦāύ্āĻĄāĻে āĻāĻāĻি āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻāϝ়েāϰ āĻāĻĒāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ় āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻŦāύ্āĻĄāĻুāϞি āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻāϤāĻাāĻŦে āϤাāϰিāĻ āϧাāϰāĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻāĻি āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āϏুāĻĻেāϰ āĻšাāϰ (āĻুāĻĒāύ) āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻāϰে। āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύāĻļীāϞ āĻŦা āĻাāϏāĻŽাāύ āϏুāĻĻেāϰ āĻšাāϰāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻŦেāĻļ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ। āϏ্āĻāĻেāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤে, āĻোāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύি āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻাāϰি āĻāϰা āĻŦāύ্āĻĄāĻুāϞি āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻšোāϞ্āĻĄাāϰāĻĻেāϰ āĻোāύ āĻŽাāϞিāĻাāύা āĻ āϧিāĻাāϰ āĻĻেāϝ় āύা। āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻŽেāϝ়াāĻĻāĻĒূāϰ্āϤিāϰ āϤাāϰিāĻ āĻĨাāĻে āϝেāĻাāύে āĻŽূāϞ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒে āĻĢেāϰāϤ āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻŦāύ্āĻĄে āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻ āĻŦেāĻļি āϏুāϰāĻ্āώিāϤ āĻিāύ্āϤু āϰিāĻাāϰ্āύ āĻāĻŽ। āĻেāĻ āϏেāĻেāύ্āĻĄাāϰি āĻŽাāϰ্āĻেāĻে āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻিāύāϤে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻ্āϰি āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĨāĻŽিāĻāĻাāĻŦে āĻāϏ্āϝু āĻāϰাāϰ āĻĒāϰে, āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āϏ্āĻāĻেāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻāĻ াāύাāĻŽা āĻāϰāĻŦে। āϝāĻĻি āĻেāĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻĒāĻ্āĻāϤাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āϧāϰে āϰাāĻে, āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻāĻ াāύাāĻŽা āĻোāύ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒাāϰ āύা-āϏুāĻĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻāĻŦং āĻ āĻিāĻšিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻšāĻŦে āύা। āĻিāύ্āϤু āϝāĻĻি āĻেāĻ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻ্āϰāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻ্āϰি āĻāϰে, āϤāĻŦে āĻāĻāĻāύāĻে āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āĻāĻāĻāύ āϝে āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻāϰāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻŦে āϤা āĻāϰ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻ āĻিāĻšিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āύāϝ়।
Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond, Debentures
Zero coupon bond
A zero coupon bond is a bond bought at a price lower than its face value, with the face value repaid at the time of maturity. It is also called pure discount bond or deep discount bond. This is different from interest bearing bond as it neither makes periodic interest payments nor has so called coupons, hence the term zero coupon bond. When the bond reaches maturity, its investors receive its par (face) value. Zero coupon bond trades at a discount to its face value. Reinvestment risk is not relevant for zero coupon bonds, but interest rate risk is relevant for the bonds. Examples of zero coupon bonds include US Treasury bills, US savings bonds, long term zero coupon bonds etc. Some zero coupon bonds are inflation indexed, so the amount of money that will be paid to the bond holder is calculated to have a set amount of purchasing power rather than a set amount of money known as face value of the bond. Recently, Nagad, a financial service company of postal department has decided to issue zero coupon bond amounting tk 500 crore through Securities and Exchange Commission for five years with a face value of tk 750 crore. This mobile service company is the first ever mobile company which is going to issue zero coupon bonds. It is expected that huge response from foreign investors will be found at the bond of Nagad.
āĻ āύুāĻŦাāĻĻ:
āĻāĻāĻি āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻšāϞ āĻāĻāĻি āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āϝা āϤাāϰ āĻ āĻিāĻšিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝেāϰ āĻেāϝ়ে āĻāĻŽ āĻĻাāĻŽে āĻেāύা āĻšāϝ়, āϝাāϰ āĻ āĻিāĻšিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻŽ্āϝাāĻুāϰিāĻিāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻĒāϰিāĻļোāϧ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻে āĻĒিāĻāϰ āĻĄিāϏāĻাāĻāύ্āĻ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻŦা āĻĄিāĻĒ āĻĄিāϏāĻাāĻāύ্āĻ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄāĻ āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻি āϏুāĻĻ āĻŦāĻšāύāĻাāϰী āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻĨেāĻে āĻāϞাāĻĻা āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻি āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϝ়āĻ্āϰāĻŽিāĻ āϏুāĻĻেāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻāϰে āύা āĻŦা āϤāĻĨাāĻāĻĨিāϤ āĻুāĻĒāύāĻ āύেāĻ, āϤাāĻ āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻি। āϝāĻāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄāĻি āĻĒāϰিāĻĒāĻ্āĻāϤাāϝ় āĻĒৌঁāĻাāϝ়, āϤāĻāύ āĻāϰ āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻāĻাāϰীāϰা āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽাāύ (āĻŽুāĻী) āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻĒাāϝ়। āĻিāϰো āĻুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āϤাāϰ āĻ āĻিāĻšিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝে āĻাāĻĄ়ে āĻ্āϰেāĻĄ āĻāϰে। āĻĒুāύঃāĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻেāϰ āĻুঁāĻি āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰাāϏāĻ্āĻিāĻ āύāϝ়, āĻিāύ্āϤু āϏুāĻĻেāϰ āĻšাāϰেāϰ āĻুঁāĻি āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰাāϏāĻ্āĻিāĻ। āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻুāϞিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϰāϝ়েāĻে āĻāĻāĻāϏ āĻ্āϰেāĻাāϰি āĻŦিāϞ, āĻāĻāĻāϏ āϏেāĻিংāϏ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ, āĻĻীāϰ্āĻāĻŽেāϝ়াāĻĻী āĻিāϰো āĻুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āĻিāĻু āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰাāϏ্āĻĢীāϤি āϏূāĻāĻāϝুāĻ্āϤ, āϤাāĻ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āϧাāϰāĻāĻে āϝে āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻāϰা āĻšāĻŦে āϤা āĻāĻŖāύা āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ় āĻāĻāĻি āϏেāĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻ āĻিāĻšিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻĒāϰিāĻিāϤ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨেāϰ āĻāĻāĻি āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āĻ্āϰāϝ় āĻ্āώāĻŽāϤা। āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤি, āύাāĻāĻĻ, āĻĄাāĻ āĻŦিāĻাāĻেāϰ āĻāĻāĻি āĻāϰ্āĻĨিāĻ āĻĒāϰিāώেāĻŦা āϏংāϏ্āĻĨা āϏিāĻিāĻāϰিāĻিāĻ āĻ ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āĻāĻ্āϏāĻেāĻ্āĻ āĻāĻŽিāĻļāύেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে 500 āĻোāĻি āĻাāĻাāϰ āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻāϏ্āϝু āĻāϰাāϰ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āύিāϝ়েāĻে āĻĒাঁāĻ āĻŦāĻāϰেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āϝাāϰ āĻ āĻিāĻšিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ 750 āĻোāĻি āĻাāĻা। āĻāĻ āĻŽোāĻŦাāĻāϞ āĻĒāϰিāώেāĻŦা āϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāĻি āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽোāĻŦাāĻāϞ āĻোāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύি āϝা āĻিāϰো āĻুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻāϏ্āϝু āĻāϰāϤে āĻāϞেāĻে৷ āĻāĻļা āĻāϰা āĻšāĻ্āĻে āύāĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄে āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļী āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻāĻাāϰীāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ āϏাāĻĄ়া āĻĒাāĻāϝ়া āϝাāĻŦে।
Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond, Debentures
Debentures
A debenture is a type of bond or other debt instrument that is not backed by any collateral and usually has a term greater than 10 years. Debentures are backed only by the credit worthiness and reputation of the issuer. Both corporations and governments frequently issue debentures to raise capital or fund. Some debentures can be converted to equity shares or common shares while others cannot. Similar to most bonds, debentures may pay periodic interest payments called coupon payments. For nonconvertible debentures, the date of maturity is also an important feature. This date indicates when the company must pay back the debenture holders. People invest on debentures to earn higher rate of interest or in the hope that some of their debentures be converted to common shares. And then, they can exercise control and receive dividends.
āĻ āύুāĻŦাāĻĻ:
Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond, Debentures
Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond, Debentures
Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond, Debentures
āύিāϤ্āϝ āύāϤুāύ āϏāĻāϞ āĻāĻĒāĻĄেāĻেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻā§েāύ āĻāϰুāύ
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