Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond & Debentures

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Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond & Debentures

Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond & Debentures

Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond & Debentures

Bond

Bonds are debt instruments issued by governments and corporations, when they want to raise money. Bonds are referred to as a fixed income instrument since bonds traditionally paid a fixed interest rate (coupon) to date holders. Variable or floating interest rates are also now quite common. Unlike stocks, bonds issued by companies give no ownership rights to bond holders. Bonds have maturity dates at which point the principal amount must be paid back in full. Investment in bond is more secured but return is low. One can buy and sell bonds on the secondary market. After bonds are initially issued, their worth will fluctuate like stock's would. If one is holding the bond to maturity, the fluctuations won't matter-interest payment and face value won't change. But if one buys and sells bonds, one will need to keep in mind that the price one will pay and receive is no longer the face value of the bond.


āĻ…āύুāĻŦাāĻĻ:

āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻšāϞ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻāĻŦং āĻ•āϰ্āĻĒোāϰেāĻļāύ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϜাāϰি āĻ•āϰা āĻ‹āĻŖেāϰ āωāĻĒāĻ•āϰāĻŖ, āϝāĻ–āύ āϤাāϰা āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āϏংāĻ—্āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰāϤে āϚাāϝ়। āĻŦāύ্āĻĄāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āϟি āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āφāϝ়েāϰ āωāĻĒāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻŦāύ্āĻĄāĻ—ুāϞি āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻ—āϤāĻ­াāĻŦে āϤাāϰিāĻ– āϧাāϰāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏুāĻĻেāϰ āĻšাāϰ (āĻ•ুāĻĒāύ) āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻ•āϰে। āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύāĻļীāϞ āĻŦা āĻ­াāϏāĻŽাāύ āϏুāĻĻেāϰ āĻšাāϰāĻ“ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦেāĻļ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ। āϏ্āϟāĻ•েāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤে, āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύি āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϜাāϰি āĻ•āϰা āĻŦāύ্āĻĄāĻ—ুāϞি āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻšোāϞ্āĻĄাāϰāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•োāύ āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•াāύা āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰ āĻĻেāϝ় āύা। āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻŽেāϝ়াāĻĻāĻĒূāϰ্āϤিāϰ āϤাāϰিāĻ– āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻŽূāϞ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒে āĻĢেāϰāϤ āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻŦāύ্āĻĄে āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻ— āĻŦেāĻļি āϏুāϰāĻ•্āώিāϤ āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϰিāϟাāϰ্āύ āĻ•āĻŽ। āĻ•েāω āϏেāĻ•েāύ্āĻĄাāϰি āĻŽাāϰ্āĻ•েāϟে āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻ•িāύāϤে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰি āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āχāϏ্āϝু āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻĒāϰে, āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āϏ্āϟāĻ•েāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ“āĻ াāύাāĻŽা āĻ•āϰāĻŦে। āϝāĻĻি āĻ•েāω āĻĒāϰিāĻĒāĻ•্āĻ•āϤাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āϧāϰে āϰাāĻ–ে, āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻ“āĻ াāύাāĻŽা āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒাāϰ āύা-āϏুāĻĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ­িāĻšিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻšāĻŦে āύা। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϝāĻĻি āĻ•েāω āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻ•্āϰāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰি āĻ•āϰে, āϤāĻŦে āĻāĻ•āϜāύāĻ•ে āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āϝে āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে āϤা āφāϰ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻšিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āύāϝ়।

 Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond, Debentures

Zero coupon bond

A zero coupon bond is a bond bought at a price lower than its face value, with the face value repaid at the time of maturity. It is also called pure discount bond or deep discount bond. This is different from interest bearing bond as it neither makes periodic interest payments nor has so called coupons, hence the term zero coupon bond. When the bond reaches maturity, its investors receive its par (face) value. Zero coupon bond trades at a discount to its face value. Reinvestment risk is not relevant for zero coupon bonds, but interest rate risk is relevant for the bonds. Examples of zero coupon bonds include US Treasury bills, US savings bonds, long term zero coupon bonds etc. Some zero coupon bonds are inflation indexed, so the amount of money that will be paid to the bond holder is calculated to have a set amount of purchasing power rather than a set amount of money known as face value of the bond. Recently, Nagad, a financial service company of postal department has decided to issue zero coupon bond amounting tk 500 crore through Securities and Exchange Commission for five years with a face value of tk 750 crore. This mobile service company is the first ever mobile company which is going to issue zero coupon bonds. It is expected that huge response from foreign investors will be found at the bond of Nagad.


āĻ…āύুāĻŦাāĻĻ:

āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻ•ুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻšāϞ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āϝা āϤাāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻšিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝেāϰ āϚেāϝ়ে āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĻাāĻŽে āĻ•েāύা āĻšāϝ়, āϝাāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻšিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻŽ্āϝাāϚুāϰিāϟিāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻĒāϰিāĻļোāϧ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻ•ে āĻĒিāĻ“āϰ āĻĄিāϏāĻ•াāωāύ্āϟ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻŦা āĻĄিāĻĒ āĻĄিāϏāĻ•াāωāύ্āϟ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄāĻ“ āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ়। āĻāϟি āϏুāĻĻ āĻŦāĻšāύāĻ•াāϰী āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻāϟি āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϝ়āĻ•্āϰāĻŽিāĻ• āϏুāĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻ•āϰে āύা āĻŦা āϤāĻĨাāĻ•āĻĨিāϤ āĻ•ুāĻĒāύāĻ“ āύেāχ, āϤাāχ āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻ•ুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟি। āϝāĻ–āύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄāϟি āĻĒāϰিāĻĒāĻ•্āĻ•āϤাāϝ় āĻĒৌঁāĻ›াāϝ়, āϤāĻ–āύ āĻāϰ āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻ—āĻ•াāϰীāϰা āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽাāύ (āĻŽুāĻ–ী) āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻĒাāϝ়। āϜিāϰো āĻ•ুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āϤাāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻšিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝে āĻ›াāĻĄ়ে āϟ্āϰেāĻĄ āĻ•āϰে। āĻĒুāύঃāĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻ—েāϰ āĻুঁāĻ•ি āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻ•ুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰাāϏāĻ™্āĻ—িāĻ• āύāϝ়, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏুāĻĻেāϰ āĻšাāϰেāϰ āĻুঁāĻ•ি āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰাāϏāĻ™্āĻ—িāĻ•। āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻ•ুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ—ুāϞিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϰāϝ়েāĻ›ে āχāωāĻāϏ āϟ্āϰেāϜাāϰি āĻŦিāϞ, āχāωāĻāϏ āϏেāĻ­িংāϏ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ, āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāĻŽেāϝ়াāĻĻী āϜিāϰো āĻ•ুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻ•ুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰাāϏ্āĻĢীāϤি āϏূāϚāĻ•āϝুāĻ•্āϤ, āϤাāχ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āϧাāϰāĻ•āĻ•ে āϝে āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāĻŦে āϤা āĻ—āĻŖāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏেāϟ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻšিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āĻ•্āϰāϝ় āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা। āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤি, āύাāĻ—āĻĻ, āĻĄাāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻ—েāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āφāϰ্āĻĨিāĻ• āĻĒāϰিāώেāĻŦা āϏংāϏ্āĻĨা āϏিāĻ•িāωāϰিāϟিāϜ āĻ…্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āĻāĻ•্āϏāϚেāĻž্āϜ āĻ•āĻŽিāĻļāύেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে 500 āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•াāϰ āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻ•ুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āχāϏ্āϝু āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āύিāϝ়েāĻ›ে āĻĒাঁāϚ āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϝাāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻšিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ 750 āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। āĻāχ āĻŽোāĻŦাāχāϞ āĻĒāϰিāώেāĻŦা āϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāϟি āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽোāĻŦাāχāϞ āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύি āϝা āϜিāϰো āĻ•ুāĻĒāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āχāϏ্āϝু āĻ•āϰāϤে āϚāϞেāĻ›ে৷ āφāĻļা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āύāĻ—āĻĻেāϰ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄে āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļী āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻ—āĻ•াāϰীāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āϏাāĻĄ়া āĻĒাāĻ“āϝ়া āϝাāĻŦে।

 Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond, Debentures


Debentures


A debenture is a type of bond or other debt instrument that is not backed by any collateral and usually has a term greater than 10 years. Debentures are backed only by the credit worthiness and reputation of the issuer. Both corporations and governments frequently issue debentures to raise capital or fund. Some debentures can be converted to equity shares or common shares while others cannot. Similar to most bonds, debentures may pay periodic interest payments called coupon payments. For nonconvertible debentures, the date of maturity is also an important feature. This date indicates when the company must pay back the debenture holders. People invest on debentures to earn higher rate of interest or in the hope that some of their debentures be converted to common shares. And then, they can exercise control and receive dividends.


āĻ…āύুāĻŦাāĻĻ:

āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĄিāĻŦেāĻž্āϚাāϰ āĻšāϞ āĻāĻ• āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻŦা āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻ‹āĻŖেāϰ āωāĻĒāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āϝা āĻ•োāύো āϜাāĻŽাāύāϤ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨিāϤ āύāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ 10 āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻŽেāϝ়াāĻĻ āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻĄিāĻŦেāĻž্āϚাāϰāĻ—ুāϞি āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āχāϏ্āϝুāĻ•াāϰীāϰ āĻ•্āϰেāĻĄিāϟ āϝোāĻ—্āϝāϤা āĻāĻŦং āĻ–্āϝাāϤি āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻ•āϰ্āĻĒোāϰেāĻļāύ āĻāĻŦং āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āωāĻ­āϝ়āχ āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়āĻļāχ āĻŽূāϞāϧāύ āĻŦা āϤāĻšāĻŦিāϞ āĻŦাāĻĄ়াāϤে āĻĄিāĻŦেāĻž্āϚাāϰ āχāϏ্āϝু āĻ•āϰে। āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĄিāĻŦেāĻž্āϚাāϰ āχāĻ•্āϝুāχāϟি āĻļেāϝ়াāϰ āĻŦা āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻļেāϝ়াāϰে āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰিāϤ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āϝāĻ–āύ āĻ…āύ্āϝāϰা āĻĒাāϰে āύা। āĻŦেāĻļিāϰāĻ­াāĻ— āĻŦāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻŽāϤো, āĻĄিāĻŦেāĻž্āϚাāϰāĻ—ুāϞি āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϝ়āĻ•্āϰāĻŽিāĻ• āϏুāĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āϝাāĻ•ে āĻ•ুāĻĒāύ āĻĒেāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ়। āĻ…-āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āĻĄিāĻŦেāĻž্āϚাāϰেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ, āĻŽেāϝ়াāĻĻāĻĒূāϰ্āϤিāϰ āϤাāϰিāĻ–āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ। āĻāχ āϤাāϰিāĻ– āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āĻ•āĻ–āύ āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύিāĻ•ে āĻĄিāĻŦেāĻž্āϚাāϰ āĻšোāϞ্āĻĄাāϰāĻĻেāϰ āĻĢেāϰāϤ āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āϞোāĻ•েāϰা āĻĄিāĻŦেāĻž্āϚাāϰে āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻ— āĻ•āϰে āωāϚ্āϚ āĻšাāϰেāϰ āϏুāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦা āĻāχ āφāĻļাāϝ় āϝে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĄিāĻŦেāĻž্āϚাāϰ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻļেāϝ়াāϰে āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰিāϤ āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰ, āϤাāϰা āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ āĻ…āύুāĻļীāϞāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āĻāĻŦং āϞāĻ­্āϝাংāĻļ āĻĒেāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।

 Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond, Debentures

 Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond, Debentures

 Short Notes : Bond, Zero coupon bond, Debentures


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